The Most Hilarious Complaints We've Heard About Japanese Whisky

One aspect of Japanese that confuses beginning students is the plethora of verb pairs. They seem to be everywhere, but unlike English, where you generally either have one word that works for both transitive and intransitive verbs (i.e., change, return, run, etc.), or else two completely different words (send back/go back; beat/win; raise/grow up, etc.), Japanese has pairs that sound almost exactly the same (modosu/modoru; kaesu/kaeru; mawasu/mawaru and so on). Furthermore, these pairs use the same base kanji, and only the ending of the word changes. ™

Before we get into how to distinguish between the two, however, let's make sure that we all understand what "transitive" and "intransitive" actually mean. Basically, a verb is transitive if it takes a direct object. Verbs like throw, set, and repair are all transitive, since they all take direct objects. It would be strange to say only "I threw", "She set" or "He repaired". All of these verbs require something else in order to sound complete in English. So: I threw the ball. She set the computer. He repaired the car. and so on.

Other verbs cannot take direct objects (or sometimes any object at all). These are intransitive verbs. Cry, sleep and sulk are examples. "I slept" is a perfectly good sentence in English, and even if you add something afterwards (a place, time, etc.), whatever you add will not be a direct object.

I slept on my bed.

I slept for ten hours.

I slept with my teddy bear.

You'll notice that in the examples immediately above, a preposition (on, for, with, etc.) comes between the verb and the object, which (in English) is how you know that it's an indirect object rather than a direct object.

If you're not into grammatical explanations, another way to think about it is this: transitive verbs directly affect the object of the sentence. Throwing a ball affects the ball in a very direct way; it changes the ball's location. On the JAPANESE WHISKY other hand, sleeping doesn't really change the bed, the ten hours or the teddy bear. If the action directly affects the object, you can be sure that the verb is transitive.

So now that we've gotten that out of the way, what about those Japanese verb pairs? The first and easiest way to tell which of the pair is transitive is to look for a "su" in Japanese. If the verb has a "su" in it, it's a pretty good bet (actually a sure thing) that it will be the transitive member of the pair. And the verb without the "su" will be the intransitive one. This is one of the most consistent rules in Nihongo, so it pays to learn it.

Here is a basic list of some of the most common verb pairs you're likely to encounter. In each pair, the first one is transitive, the second intransitive.

Modosu/modoru

Kaesu/kaeru (to return something, to return [oneself])

okosu/okiru

dasu/deru

okosu/okoru

ugokasu/ugoku

otosu/ochiru

And so on.

The above is the easiest rule to apply for T/I verb pairs, an should be applied first, since whenever one of the verbs in the pair has a "su" that verb will be transitive 100% of the time. However, there are some other pairs that exist where neither verb has a "su". In this case, as a secondary rule, the best idea is to look for which of the verbs has an "e" in it, and that verb will usually be the transitive member of the pair. Some examples:

tateru/tatsu (Notice that this pair does not fall under the first rule, as what looks like a "su" in Roman letters is actually a "tsu" when written in Japanese.)

yabureru/yaburu

ateru/ataru

tomeru/tomaru

kaeru/kawaru (to change something/to be changed)

tsutaeru/tsutawaru

Although this second rule isn't quite at pervasive and all-encompassing as the first, it will still help you in the vast majority of cases.

So there you have it. Two rules that, when used in the correct order, will eliminate about 99% of the headaches you encounter relating to Japanese T/I verb pairs. The best thing about mastering this lesson is that once you get past the confusion, you can actually learn many Japanese verbs at twice the regular pace because you can just get both verbs in the pair at the same time. This is much easier than trying to memorize random pairs of verbs, or memorizing them one at a time.

With beautiful presentation, Japanese cuisine is a form of art that make eating and tasting more enjoyable. Each dish even the smallest and simplest item is made with effort, time and love in a way of reflecting nature. Beautiful in presentation, tasty in flavour and healthy in nature are the great charms of Japanese cuisine that attracts people all over the world.

In Singapore, Japanese food is favourites of many Singaporean generations. Japanese restaurants present from individual to chain restaurants and the food is offered from home style cooking to formal dining.

Here I recommend the 5 best Japanese restaurants in Singapore for Japanese cuisine's lovers as well as those want to have a good taste of Singapore food.

Yayoiken Japanese Restaurant at Liang Court

As a successful and rich history chain restaurant from Japan, Yayoiken comes to Singapore with its fame. The restaurant offers Japanese cuisine with a wide variety of high-quality menu items in good portion at affordable prices. All the items are presented carefully to showcase the wisdom of Japanese culinary tradition. It is located at 177 River Valley Road, #B1-50 Liang Court Shopping Centre.

Shinji by Kanesaka at Raffles Hotel

Considered as one of the finest sushi restaurants outside Japan, Shinji by Kanesaka is really a remarkable Japanese restaurant in Singapore. Shinji is the best place to enjoy omakase in Singapore. Leaving the selection of your meal to the native Japanese team of artisan chefs with Master Chef Koichiro Oshino at the helm, you will never get disappointed. The restaurant is nestled in Raffles Hotel #02-20, 1 Beach Road, Singapore 189673.

Fukuichi Japanese Dining

Fukuichi Japanese Dining is presented to Singapore diners as a mid-range, family-style Japanese restaurant. An extensive menu with decent-quality food is offered at reasonable prices. As a partner of Fukuichi Gyogyo of Shizuoka in Japan, Fukuichi Japanese Dining has an abundant seasonal produce supplied from a realiable source. It is located at TripleOne Somerset Road, #02-11/12, Singapore 238164.

Aoki Japanese Restaurant

Specializing in Japanese Haute Cuisine, Aoki is one of the finest Japanese restaurants in Singapore offering the ultimate fine dining experience with a wide range of Japanese food, from sushi and sashimi to sukiyaki, shabu shabu and tempura. Aoki is one of the best restaurant to enjoy sashimi and sushi in Singapore. The restaurant is situated at 1 Scotts Road, #02-17 Shaw Centre Orchard, Singapore 228208.

Tonkichi Restaurant at Nghee Ann City

Tonkichi is the only tonkatsu specialty chain restaurant in Singapore where authentic tonkastsu is served. The tonkatsu is well prepared which is so crunchy outside yet tender, thick and juicy inside. A wide range of tonkatsu such as pork, chicken, prawn, oyster and crab is available. It is located at 391 Orchard Road, #04-24, Tower A, Ngee Ann City, Singapore 238872.